The Second Term of Donald Trump: Implications for India-US Relations, Global Geopolitics, and the Shape of Western Values

The potential return of Donald J. Trump to the White House heralds a significant shift in American foreign policy, with ramifications that could reshape global alliances, economic partnerships, and the broader cultural landscape. This analysis considers how Trump’s second term may impact relationships with India, the European Union, and allies such as Britain, Ireland, France, and Germany. Beyond geopolitics, it also examines how his leadership could influence the tone of public discourse by challenging the dominance of progressive values, potentially returning focus to issues of economic redistribution and opportunity.

US-China Rivalry and Strategic Realignments in Asia

A hallmark of Trump’s presidency has been his approach to China, which the US increasingly sees as a rival in economic, technological, and strategic spheres. His first term saw the formation of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad)—a coalition with India, Japan, and Australia aimed at counterbalancing China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific. While Biden elevated the Quad to a summit-level forum, Trump’s preference for pragmatic, result-oriented alliances could mean a shift from multilateralism to selective bilateral relationships. This pivot could challenge the Quad’s cohesion, especially if Trump seeks direct agreements with individual partners over collective arrangements.

Key US allies in Asia, including Japan and South Korea, may feel pressured by Trump’s focus on individual returns rather than institutional alliances, potentially affecting the stability of the Indo-Pacific. For India, such a shift could present a new diplomatic balancing act, with Trump likely seeking clear concessions to deepen the partnership. This approach would test the durability of partnerships formed during Biden’s presidency to counter China’s rise.

Transatlantic Relations with the UK, Ireland, and the European Union

In Europe, Trump’s re-election could rekindle the diplomatic frictions that marked his first term, particularly as the UK seeks to strengthen its “special relationship” with the US in a post-Brexit world. Trump’s firm stances on trade and security contributions may prove challenging for the UK, even as it seeks to bolster its alliance with the US. If he demands further economic concessions or shifts in defence policy, Britain’s alignment with EU norms may diverge as it crafts a more US-centric approach.

Ireland, a significant beneficiary of US-EU cooperation, may face challenges if the US under Trump embraces isolationism. His scepticism toward global tax reforms and trade regulation could impact Ireland’s appeal to US investors, especially in sectors like technology and pharmaceuticals. To offset these risks, Ireland may look to deepen its EU partnerships and explore new markets to sustain economic growth.

France, Germany, and NATO: Reassessing Commitments

Trump’s potential second term is likely to revive his calls for NATO allies to increase their defence spending, which could test the alliance’s cohesion and European confidence in NATO’s collective security commitment. Despite efforts by Germany to meet NATO’s spending targets, Trump’s insistence on member contributions could challenge NATO’s unity, pushing European countries to adopt more self-sufficient defence strategies.

French President Emmanuel Macron’s vision of “European strategic autonomy” could gain renewed importance, as the prospect of Trump reasserting his scepticism of NATO looms. This momentum may lead to stronger Franco-German collaboration on security and accelerate Europe’s progress towards independent defence capabilities, positioning the EU as a more self-reliant counterweight to US and Russian influence.

Trade, Economics, and a Pragmatic Approach

Trump’s results-focused ethos—often referred to as “the art of the deal”—has historically shaped US trade relations. His first term saw the imposition of tariffs on European steel and aluminium, and criticisms of trade imbalances with Germany. If re-elected, Trump may scrutinise economic relationships with key European allies even more closely, possibly reigniting trade disputes in areas such as automotive and agriculture, with countries like France and Germany potentially bearing the brunt.

India-US Relations: Strategic Depth and Calculated Partnerships

For India, the intensifying US-China rivalry remains a primary driver of its partnership with Washington. Trump’s penchant for pragmatic exchanges may impact how he values India’s role within the Quad, likely prompting expectations of tangible returns on US commitments. India, therefore, may need to tread carefully on trade issues, particularly given Trump’s readiness to challenge perceived trade imbalances with even the closest allies. If Trump’s policy is driven by immediate outcomes, India could face pressure to balance trade concessions with strategic priorities.

A Challenge to “Woke” Ideals and Identity Politics

A less-discussed aspect of Trump’s prospective second term is the hope among some observers that it could mark a cultural pivot away from progressive ideologies and “woke” values in the public sphere. For his supporters, Trump’s return to office represents a potential end to the extremes of identity politics, cancel culture, and what they see as performative political correctness. Instead, Trump’s leadership could redirect public debate back to the fundamentals of governance—particularly questions surrounding income redistribution, job creation, and broad-based economic opportunity.

For European allies, a cultural shift of this magnitude in the US could hold broad implications. European countries have often followed American cultural trends, and a US less preoccupied with identity-based issues may inspire a recalibration in Europe’s public discourse. Political dialogues in Europe, currently influenced by progressive policies, may find themselves focusing more on traditional economic issues, such as social mobility and resource distribution. This potential reset in public discourse could pave the way for more focused debates on policy fundamentals, reducing polarisation and promoting cohesion in tackling shared economic and social challenges.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Diplomatic Shifts and European Security

Trump’s longstanding aim to negotiate an end to the Russia-Ukraine conflict may introduce fresh complexities for US-Europe relations. Some European leaders have voiced concerns that Trump’s desire for a swift resolution could come with concessions deemed overly favourable to Russia, raising questions about his commitment to NATO and Ukrainian sovereignty. However, if a mediated settlement does materialise, it could allow India to maintain its neutral stance in the conflict, balancing its ties with both Washington and Moscow. Any perception that NATO’s security commitments are weakened could motivate Europe to accelerate investments in self-reliant defence, further redefining Europe’s transatlantic relationship.

Middle East Dynamics and the Abraham Accords

Trump’s tenure is also closely associated with his unwavering support for Israel, exemplified by the Abraham Accords, which have reshaped Middle Eastern relations by normalising ties between Israel and several Arab states. His re-election could empower Israeli leadership in its approach to regional security issues, particularly Iran. While this may align with Trump’s pro-Israel stance, it could complicate US-Europe relations, especially with France and Germany, both of which advocate for balanced regional peace efforts.

For India, a strengthened US-Israel relationship may open up further avenues for defence and technological collaboration, but it will also require careful navigation of relationships with Gulf states critical to India’s energy security. The US’s repositioning in the Middle East could challenge European positions on Iran and Palestinian issues, with potential impacts on EU-Gulf relations and broader regional stability.

Climate Change: Setbacks for Global Action

A likely withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement would represent a major setback for global climate efforts. Trump’s scepticism of international climate commitments could embolden other countries to pull back from ambitious targets, especially in the EU, where governments are already grappling with the financial demands of transitioning to greener energy sources. This retreat could increase the burden on European nations, particularly Germany and France, to uphold climate commitments without US backing.

For India, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable nations, diminished international cooperation on climate change could have significant repercussions. With limited support from key players like the US, India may find it challenging to meet its own climate goals and adapt effectively. Any reduction in EU and US commitment to climate finance could hinder India’s ability to pursue sustainable development initiatives.

Conclusion: An Unpredictable and Culturally Transformative Trajectory

As Donald Trump’s potential second term begins, the world faces critical shifts in alliances, strategic priorities, and public discourse. For Europe, especially the UK, Ireland, France, and Germany, Trump’s leadership may pose new tests for transatlantic relations, NATO’s stability, and global climate efforts. Meanwhile, in the Indo-Pacific, Trump’s emphasis on tangible outcomes in partnerships like the Quad will have significant implications for India and other regional powers seeking to counter an assertive China.

Trump’s approach is likely to diverge from traditional coalition-based diplomacy, with a pragmatic, results-oriented focus that may reshape international relations in more fragmented ways. At the same time, his return to the White House is seen by some as a potential end to the dominance of “woke” values in public life. Such a shift may not only alter the tone of American discourse but also influence European and global conversations, refocusing public debate on core economic issues and redirecting energy towards policies of economic and social equity.

As Trump’s second term unfolds, allies and rivals alike must prepare for a US foreign policy rooted in pragmatism and a cultural reset that could redefine international diplomacy and public discourse for years to come.